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href="/categories/JavaScript%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7/">JavaScript高级</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span data-flag-title="JS进阶第四天"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="twikoo_visitors"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="JavaScript进阶-–-第四天"><a href="#JavaScript进阶-–-第四天" class="headerlink" title="JavaScript进阶 – 第四天"></a>JavaScript进阶 – 第四天</h3><h2 id="深浅拷贝"><a href="#深浅拷贝" class="headerlink" title="深浅拷贝"></a>深浅拷贝</h2><h3 id="浅拷贝"><a href="#浅拷贝" class="headerlink" title="浅拷贝"></a>浅拷贝</h3><p>首先浅拷贝和深拷贝只针对引用类型</p><p>浅拷贝：拷贝的是地址</p><p>常见方法：</p><ol><li>拷贝对象：Object.assgin() &#x2F; 展开运算符 {…obj} 拷贝对象</li><li>拷贝数组：Array.prototype.concat() 或者 […arr]</li></ol><blockquote><p>如果是简单数据类型拷贝值，引用数据类型拷贝的是地址 (简单理解： 如果是单层对象，没问题，如果有多层就有问题)</p></blockquote><h3 id="深拷贝"><a href="#深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="深拷贝"></a>深拷贝</h3><p>首先浅拷贝和深拷贝只针对引用类型</p><p>深拷贝：拷贝的是对象，不是地址</p><p>常见方法：</p><ol><li>通过递归实现深拷贝</li><li>lodash&#x2F;cloneDeep</li><li>通过JSON.stringify()实现</li></ol><h4 id="递归实现深拷贝"><a href="#递归实现深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="递归实现深拷贝"></a>递归实现深拷贝</h4><p>函数递归：</p><p>如果一个函数在内部可以调用其本身，那么这个函数就是递归函数</p><ul><li>简单理解:函数内部自己调用自己, 这个函数就是递归函数</li><li>递归函数的作用和循环效果类似</li><li>由于递归很容易发生“栈溢出”错误（stack overflow），所以必须要加退出条件 return</li></ul><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> obj = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">uname</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;pink&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">hobby</span>: [<span class="string">&#x27;乒乓球&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;足球&#x27;</span>],</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">family</span>: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="attr">baby</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> o = &#123;&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// 拷贝函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">deepCopy</span>(<span class="params">newObj, oldObj</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">debugger</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> k <span class="keyword">in</span> oldObj) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="comment">// 处理数组的问题  一定先写数组 在写 对象 不能颠倒</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (oldObj[k] <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="title class_">Array</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          newObj[k] = []</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="comment">//  newObj[k] 接收 []  hobby</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="comment">//  oldObj[k]   [&#x27;乒乓球&#x27;, &#x27;足球&#x27;]</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="title function_">deepCopy</span>(newObj[k], oldObj[k])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (oldObj[k] <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          newObj[k] = &#123;&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="title function_">deepCopy</span>(newObj[k], oldObj[k])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="comment">//  k  属性名 uname age    oldObj[k]  属性值  18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="comment">// newObj[k]  === o.uname  给新对象添加属性</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          newObj[k] = oldObj[k]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="title function_">deepCopy</span>(o, obj) <span class="comment">// 函数调用  两个参数 o 新对象  obj 旧对象</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(o)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    o.<span class="property">age</span> = <span class="number">20</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    o.<span class="property">hobby</span>[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="string">&#x27;篮球&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    o.<span class="property">family</span>.<span class="property">baby</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;老pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(obj)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>([<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">23</span>] <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// 复习</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// const obj = &#123;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   uname: &#x27;pink&#x27;,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   age: 18,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   hobby: [&#x27;乒乓球&#x27;, &#x27;足球&#x27;]</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// &#125;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// function deepCopy(&#123; &#125;, oldObj) &#123;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   // k 属性名  oldObj[k] 属性值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   for (let k in oldObj) &#123;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//     // 处理数组的问题   k 变量</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//     newObj[k] = oldObj[k]</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//     // o.uname = &#x27;pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//     // newObj.k  = &#x27;pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">//   &#125;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// &#125;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="js库lodash里面cloneDeep内部实现了深拷贝"><a href="#js库lodash里面cloneDeep内部实现了深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="js库lodash里面cloneDeep内部实现了深拷贝"></a>js库lodash里面cloneDeep内部实现了深拷贝</h4><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 先引用 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">&quot;./lodash.min.js&quot;</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> obj = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">uname</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;pink&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">hobby</span>: [<span class="string">&#x27;乒乓球&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;足球&#x27;</span>],</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">family</span>: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="attr">baby</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> o = _.<span class="title function_">cloneDeep</span>(obj)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(o)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    o.<span class="property">family</span>.<span class="property">baby</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;老pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(obj)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="JSON序列化"><a href="#JSON序列化" class="headerlink" title="JSON序列化"></a>JSON序列化</h4><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> obj = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">uname</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;pink&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">hobby</span>: [<span class="string">&#x27;乒乓球&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;足球&#x27;</span>],</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="attr">family</span>: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="attr">baby</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小pink&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// 把对象转换为 JSON 字符串</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// console.log(JSON.stringify(obj))</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">const</span> o = <span class="title class_">JSON</span>.<span class="title function_">parse</span>(<span class="title class_">JSON</span>.<span class="title function_">stringify</span>(obj))</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(o)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    o.<span class="property">family</span>.<span class="property">baby</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;123&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(obj)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="异常处理"><a href="#异常处理" class="headerlink" title="异常处理"></a>异常处理</h2><blockquote><p>了解 JavaScript 中程序异常处理的方法，提升代码运行的健壮性。</p></blockquote><h3 id="throw"><a href="#throw" class="headerlink" title="throw"></a>throw</h3><p>异常处理是指预估代码执行过程中可能发生的错误，然后最大程度的避免错误的发生导致整个程序无法继续运行</p><p>总结：</p><ol><li>throw 抛出异常信息，程序也会终止执行</li><li>throw 后面跟的是错误提示信息</li><li>Error 对象配合 throw 使用，能够设置更详细的错误信息</li></ol><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">counter</span>(<span class="params">x, y</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(!x || !y) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="comment">// throw &#x27;参数不能为空!&#x27;;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Error</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;参数不能为空!&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x + y</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="title function_">counter</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>总结：</p><ol><li><code>throw</code> 抛出异常信息，程序也会终止执行</li><li><code>throw</code> 后面跟的是错误提示信息</li><li><code>Error</code> 对象配合 <code>throw</code> 使用，能够设置更详细的错误信息</li></ol><h3 id="try-…-catch"><a href="#try-…-catch" class="headerlink" title="try … catch"></a>try … catch</h3><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">   <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">foo</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="comment">// 查找 DOM 节点</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="keyword">const</span> p = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.p&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        p.<span class="property">style</span>.<span class="property">color</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;red&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (error) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="comment">// try 代码段中执行有错误时，会执行 catch 代码段</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="comment">// 查看错误信息</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(error.<span class="property">message</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="comment">// 终止代码继续执行</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="keyword">return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">          <span class="title function_">alert</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;执行&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;如果出现错误，我的语句不会执行&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="title function_">foo</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>总结：</p><ol><li><code>try...catch</code> 用于捕获错误信息</li><li>将预估可能发生错误的代码写在 <code>try</code> 代码段中</li><li>如果 <code>try</code> 代码段中出现错误后，会执行 <code>catch</code> 代码段，并截获到错误信息</li></ol><h3 id="debugger"><a href="#debugger" class="headerlink" title="debugger"></a>debugger</h3><p>相当于断点调试</p><h2 id="处理this"><a href="#处理this" class="headerlink" title="处理this"></a>处理this</h2><blockquote><p>了解函数中 this 在不同场景下的默认值，知道动态指定函数 this 值的方法。</p></blockquote><p><code>this</code> 是 JavaScript 最具“魅惑”的知识点，不同的应用场合 <code>this</code> 的取值可能会有意想不到的结果，在此我们对以往学习过的关于【 <code>this</code> 默认的取值】情况进行归纳和总结。</p><h3 id="普通函数"><a href="#普通函数" class="headerlink" title="普通函数"></a>普通函数</h3><p><strong>普通函数</strong>的调用方式决定了 <code>this</code> 的值，即【谁调用 <code>this</code> 的值指向谁】，如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">sayHi</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 函数表达式</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> sayHello = <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 函数的调用方式决定了 this 的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="title function_">sayHi</span>() <span class="comment">// window</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="variable language_">window</span>.<span class="title function_">sayHi</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">	</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"><span class="comment">// 普通对象</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> user = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">walk</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 动态为 user 添加方法</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="property">sayHi</span> = sayHi</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  uesr.<span class="property">sayHello</span> = sayHello</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 函数调用方式，决定了 this 的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="title function_">sayHi</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="title function_">sayHello</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>注： 普通函数没有明确调用者时 <code>this</code> 值为 <code>window</code>，严格模式下没有调用者时 <code>this</code> 的值为 <code>undefined</code>。</p><h3 id="箭头函数"><a href="#箭头函数" class="headerlink" title="箭头函数"></a>箭头函数</h3><p><strong>箭头函数</strong>中的 <code>this</code> 与普通函数完全不同，也不受调用方式的影响，事实上箭头函数中并不存在 <code>this</code> ！箭头函数中访问的 <code>this</code> 不过是箭头函数所在作用域的 <code>this</code> 变量。</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>) <span class="comment">// 此处为 window</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 箭头函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> sayHi = <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>) <span class="comment">// 该箭头函数中的 this 为函数声明环境中 this 一致</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通对象</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> user = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="comment">// 该箭头函数中的 this 为函数声明环境中 this 一致</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">walk</span>: <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">sleep</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">let</span> str = <span class="string">&#x27;hello&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="title function_">fn</span> = (<span class="params"></span>) =&gt; &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(str)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>) <span class="comment">// 该箭头函数中的 this 与 sleep 中的 this 一致</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="comment">// 调用箭头函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">      <span class="title function_">fn</span>();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 动态添加方法</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="property">sayHi</span> = sayHi</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 函数调用</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="title function_">sayHi</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="title function_">sleep</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  user.<span class="title function_">walk</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在开发中【使用箭头函数前需要考虑函数中 <code>this</code> 的值】，<strong>事件回调函数</strong>使用箭头函数时，<code>this</code> 为全局的 <code>window</code>，因此DOM事件回调函数不推荐使用箭头函数，如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// DOM 节点</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> btn = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.btn&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 箭头函数 此时 this 指向了 window</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  btn.<span class="title function_">addEventListener</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;click&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通函数 此时 this 指向了 DOM 对象</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  btn.<span class="title function_">addEventListener</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;click&#x27;</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>同样由于箭头函数 <code>this</code> 的原因，<strong>基于原型的面向对象也不推荐采用箭头函数</strong>，如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 原型对像上添加了箭头函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="title class_">Person</span>.<span class="property"><span class="keyword">prototype</span></span>.<span class="property">walk</span> = <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;人都要走路...&#x27;</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>); <span class="comment">// window</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">const</span> p1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Person</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  p1.<span class="title function_">walk</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="改变this指向"><a href="#改变this指向" class="headerlink" title="改变this指向"></a>改变this指向</h3><p>以上归纳了普通函数和箭头函数中关于 <code>this</code> 默认值的情形，不仅如此 JavaScript 中还允许指定函数中 <code>this</code> 的指向，有 3 个方法可以动态指定普通函数中 <code>this</code> 的指向：</p><h4 id="call"><a href="#call" class="headerlink" title="call"></a>call</h4><p>使用 <code>call</code> 方法调用函数，同时指定函数中 <code>this</code> 的值，使用方法如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">sayHi</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> user = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> student = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小红&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">16</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用函数并指定 this 的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  sayHi.<span class="title function_">call</span>(user); <span class="comment">// this 值为 user</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  sayHi.<span class="title function_">call</span>(student); <span class="comment">// this 值为 student</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 求和函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">counter</span>(<span class="params">x, y</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x + y;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用 counter 函数，并传入参数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> result = counter.<span class="title function_">call</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">10</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(result);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>总结：</p><ol><li><code>call</code> 方法能够在调用函数的同时指定 <code>this</code> 的值</li><li>使用 <code>call</code> 方法调用函数时，第1个参数为 <code>this</code> 指定的值</li><li><code>call</code> 方法的其余参数会依次自动传入函数做为函数的参数</li></ol><h4 id="apply"><a href="#apply" class="headerlink" title="apply"></a>apply</h4><p>使用 <code>call</code> 方法<strong>调用函数</strong>，同时指定函数中 <code>this</code> 的值，使用方法如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">sayHi</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> user = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> student = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小红&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">16</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用函数并指定 this 的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  sayHi.<span class="title function_">apply</span>(user) <span class="comment">// this 值为 user</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  sayHi.<span class="title function_">apply</span>(student) <span class="comment">// this 值为 student</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 求和函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">counter</span>(<span class="params">x, y</span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x + y</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用 counter 函数，并传入参数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> result = counter.<span class="title function_">apply</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, [<span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">10</span>])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(result)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>总结：</p><ol><li><code>apply</code> 方法能够在调用函数的同时指定 <code>this</code> 的值</li><li>使用 <code>apply</code> 方法调用函数时，第1个参数为 <code>this</code> 指定的值</li><li><code>apply</code> 方法第2个参数为数组，数组的单元值依次自动传入函数做为函数的参数</li></ol><h4 id="bind"><a href="#bind" class="headerlink" title="bind"></a>bind</h4><p><code>bind</code> 方法并<strong>不会调用函数</strong>，而是创建一个指定了 <code>this</code> 值的新函数，使用方法如下代码所示：</p><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="language-javascript"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 普通函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">sayHi</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> user = &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">    <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用 bind 指定 this 的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="keyword">let</span> sayHello = sayHi.<span class="title function_">bind</span>(user);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="comment">// 调用使用 bind 创建的新函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript">  <span class="title function_">sayHello</span>()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-javascript"></span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>注：<code>bind</code> 方法创建新的函数，与原函数的唯一的变化是改变了 <code>this</code> 的值。</p><h2 id="防抖节流"><a href="#防抖节流" class="headerlink" title="防抖节流"></a>防抖节流</h2><ol><li>防抖（debounce）<br>所谓防抖，就是指触发事件后在 n 秒内函数只能执行一次，如果在 n 秒内又触发了事件，则会重新计算函数执行时间</li><li>节流（throttle）<br>所谓节流，就是指连续触发事件但是在 n 秒中只执行一次函数</li></ol></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">本文作者:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://webxc.eu.org">XC's Blog</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">本文链接:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://webxc.eu.org/post/fe66/">https://webxc.eu.org/post/fe66/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a 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class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%85%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">浅拷贝</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">深拷贝</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">递归实现深拷贝</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#js%E5%BA%93lodash%E9%87%8C%E9%9D%A2cloneDeep%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BA%86%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">js库lodash里面cloneDeep内部实现了深拷贝</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#JSON%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">JSON序列化</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">异常处理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#throw"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">throw</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#try-%E2%80%A6-catch"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">try … catch</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#debugger"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">debugger</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86this"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">处理this</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">普通函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">箭头函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98this%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">改变this指向</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#call"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">call</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#apply"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">apply</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#bind"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">bind</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E6%8A%96%E8%8A%82%E6%B5%81"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">防抖节流</span></a></li></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/ds2s/" title="整个前端面试题"><img src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/vue.png" onerror='this.onerror=null,this.src="https://npm.elemecdn.com/webxc@1.0.2/banner/404.gif"' alt="整个前端面试题"></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/post/ds2s/" title="整个前端面试题">整个前端面试题</a><time datetime="2023-08-31T02:00:00.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-31 02:00:00">2023-08-31</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/ds23/" title="常见前端面试题"><img src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/vue.png" onerror='this.onerror=null,this.src="https://npm.elemecdn.com/webxc@1.0.2/banner/404.gif"' 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